Mining Underground mining | Britannica
Surface mining. Openpit mining. Pit geometry; Ore reserves; Unit operations; Quarrying. Pit geometry; Unit operations; Underground mining. Mine development. Vertical openings: shafts and raises; Horizontal openings: drifts; Ventilation and lighting; Water control; Mining flatlying deposits. Roomandpillar mining; Longwall mining; Mining steeply dipping deposits. Blasthole stoping